A tailored plan is required to contain the spread of clubroot and sustain the production of important brassica crop species in the UK, according to a new AHDB report.
Increasing prevalence, wide diversity among strains, patchy occurrence and the rise of resistance-breaking strains have all been shown to be major challenges.
As a result, the AHDB has updated its guidance to help farmers map clubroot pressures and identify management options.
Clubroot is caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae and has increased in the UK in recent years. The trend for shorter rotations, along with milder and wetter winters, have contributed to its rise.
Studying resistance
If a susceptible crop is used in a clubroot-infected field, current advice is for a resistant variety to be grown.
Such varieties contain the ‘Mendel’ resistance mechanism. However, the effectiveness of this mechanism has reduced at some UK sites in recent years with researchers aiming to establish how widespread this loss of resistance has been.
Soil samples from 75 high-risk clubroot fields were used to grow a resistant and a susceptible winter oilseed rape variety.
In about half of these ‘bioassays’, the resistant variety developed relatively high symptoms. In fact, the levels were high enough at 15% of the sites to indicate that resistance was no longer functioning effectively.
Amanda Bennett, who manages soilborne disease research at AHDB, said: “Strains of clubroot that can break resistance were found across the UK.
“Growers should make use of integrated approaches to control this disease, including the use of non-susceptible crops in the rotation, to avoid driving the selection of resistance-breaking strains.”
A random subsample of 25 of the 75 fields was used to grow a standard set of 15 brassica lines from the European Clubroot Differential host set. The way these brassica plants developed clubroot symptoms allowed the number of pathotypes to be established.
The UK clubroot population was found to be highly diverse. In fact, 20 different pathotypes were identified, in almost equal proportion.
The project also looked at the potential for targeted treatment, such as liming. The clubroot severity in commercial crops was assessed in 50m grid squares in 16 fields at three points over a growing season.
This found that the disease was often patchy across the field. However, analysis of yield data revealed that the pathogen was just one cause of low-yielding patches.
Despite this, economic modelling revealed, where disease was confined to patches, targeted treatment can make financial sense.
The accuracy of clubroot soil tests, including plant bioassays and molecular disease detection methods (such as qPCR), was assessed by comparing test results with clubroot symptoms expressed in the field.
Molecular tests were found not to correlate well with in-field disease development. Visual assessments of plants and plant roots remain the most reliable way to assess the presence and distribution of clubroot across a field.
Growers should measure and record clubroot pressures, and document where resistant varieties have been grown. Such records can act as the foundation of an integrated clubroot management strategy.
