With the drying-off period only around the corner, one of the key components of setting your cows up for next spring is having them at the correct body condition score (BCS) at drying off.
Ideally, cows should be at a target BCS of three at drying off – to allow for some of an increase before calving to, at most, reach a target BCS of 3.5.
The importance of reaching target BCS is often underestimated; however, failing to reach a target BCS at drying off can have negative impacts on health, reproduction and production performance.
Running the cows through the crush now and identifying any cows calving in February or early March with a BCS of less than 2.75, will allow sufficient time to put a plan in place to ensure these cows reach an ideal BCS at drying off and, in turn, at calving.
Below is a very useful video from Penn State Extension on how to assess your herd’s BCS.
Addressing BCS issues – whether they are over or under-conditioned cows – have been shown to reduce the incidence of calving difficulties and metabolic problems in the following spring.
Where cows are under-conditioned, switching to once-a-day (OAD) milking – where cell count permits – or drying off a couple of weeks early may provide the animal with an opportunity to build sufficient body reserves.
By milking the cow OAD, the energy requirement for milk production drops significantly; which allows the cow the opportunity to put on condition rather than produce milk.
However, it is essential that cows are fed at the same rate as cows on twice-a-day (TAD) milking for this to happen.
The best way to do this is to keep them within the main herd and clearly mark them with a coloured tape on their tail.
Feeding additional meal through the parlour may appear to be the simplest solution to address BCS; but the only way to truly build condition is to reduce the cow’s energy output, while maintaining energy intake.
Feeding additional concentrates – of course, it depends on the genetics in play – will lead the animal to partition more energy towards milk production rather than building body reserves.
Source: Teagasc
It’s important to remember that BCS scoring cows now – and using the relevant information correctly – will improve the fertility performance of your herd next spring.
During the dry period
It’s advisable to avoid over-conditioning cows during the dry period. Cows with a BCS of 4.0 or more have a high incidence of post-partum disorders, including: fatty liver; milk fever; retained placenta; metritis; and ketosis.
These cows will lose excessive condition after calving, resulting in: poor expression of oestrus; decreased conception rates; and increased incidence of embryonic mortality.
On the other side of the coin, however, cows that calve down too thin are unlikely to reach the target BCS of between 2.75 and 3.25 at the start of breeding.
This results in a high proportion of non-cycling cows at mating start date (MSD), which will have a negative impact on submission and conception rates.
