The European Commission has been called on by an Oxford University professor to change its methods of calculating methane emissions in order to “clarify the definition of climate neutrality”.
Prof. Myles Allen, professor of geosystem science and head of the Climate Dynamics Group in Oxford University’s Department of Physics, made a public submission made to the commission on Tuesday, August 4.
In the submission, he warned that achieving climate neutrality in terms of metric-equivalent emissions “could mean eliminating practices – such as ruminant agriculture – that are not actually causing global warming”.
Definition of climate neutrality
Prof. Allen said: “Methane policy represents an opportunity to clarify the definition of climate neutrality.
Europe aspires to ‘climate neutrality’ by mid-century but has yet to specify exactly what this means. The definition is particularly important for methane policy.
“Under the UNFCCC [United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change], emissions are reported as CO2-equivalent using 100-year Global Warming Potentials [CO2-e100] – but how emissions are reported does not dictate the metric used to define climate neutrality as a policy objective.”
Prof. Allen explained that CO2-e100 understates the warming impact of any new methane source by a factor of four over the first 20 years after the increase, while overstating the warming impact of constant methane emissions, also by a factor of four.
Also Read: Oxford research: Livestock emission calculations could be ‘unfair and inefficient’This, he said, meant that constant CO2-e100 emissions of methane balanced by ‘equivalent’ CO2 removal would lead to a steady reduction in global temperatures “back to pre-industrial levels and beyond”.
This conflicts with public and policy-makers’ understanding of ‘climate neutrality’, he added.
‘Warming-equivalent’ emissions
To get around this problem, the professor said that climate neutrality should be defined in terms of ‘warming-equivalent’ emissions.
“These have, by construction, the same warming impact as CO2 emissions on all timescales,” he added.
An activity generating sustained net zero warming-equivalent emissions is not increasing global temperatures, but also not undoing the impact of past contributions to warming, consistent with plausible interpretations of ‘climate neutrality’.
“Warming-equivalent emissions of methane are calculated by multiplying present-day CO2-e100 emissions by a factor of four and then subtracting CO2-e100 emissions from 20 years ago multiplied by 3.75.
“Emissions of methane that are declining at approximately 3% per decade are consistent with net zero warming-equivalent emissions,” the professor said.
‘Profound implications for agriculture’
“Having decided to aim for climate neutrality, Europe has a simple choice: to define climate neutrality in terms of metric-equivalent emissions [which also means deciding which metric to use, also not pre-determined by the metric used for reporting]; or in terms of warming-equivalent emissions.
“This should be an open and public discussion – because the implications, particularly for agriculture, are profound.
Achieving climate neutrality in terms of metric-equivalent emissions could mean eliminating practices, such as ruminant agriculture, that are not actually causing global warming.
“Warming-equivalent emissions resolve this problem,” Prof. Allen concluded.
